I-Araucaria

Kukhona ama-conifer amakhulu emhlabeni wonke, kodwa kuzo zonke ezisetshenziswa engadini, i- araucaria ingenye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu . Nakuba zivame ukukhula kancane, lezi zitshalo zinhle ngisho noma zisencane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela okuthile okuthakazelisayo: lezi zihlahla zaqala esikhathini seTriassic, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-250 edlule.

Zinobuhle futhi zinhle kakhulu , kangangokuthi kunconywa kakhulu ukuzitshala zodwa ukuze, lapho sezivuthiwe, zibonwe kabanzi futhi ngenxa yalokho, zihlonishwe kangcono.

Ikhula kuphi i-araucaria?

Izihlahla ze-Araucaria ziyizihlahla ze-conifer ezihlala ziluhlaza, yize zazikhula eMelika nase-Eurasia, okwamanje zitholakala eNingizimu Melika (ngokuqondile, eChile, e-Argentina, e-Uruguay naseBrazil) nase-Oceania.

Ziyizihlahla ezikala amamitha angu-30 noma ngaphezulu, ezinamacembe angaba banzi noma abe mancane kuye ngokuthi ziwuhlobo luni, futhi izithelo zazo ziyizigaxa ezilinganiselwa kumasentimitha angu-10.

Izinhlobo ze-Araucaria

Kukholelwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba amashumi amathathu ze-araucaria, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu ezitshalwa ukuze zisetshenziswe ekuhlobiseni . Yiqiniso, kunezizathu zalokhu: kunezihlahla ze-conifer ezikhula ngokushesha, njengezihlahla zephayini, kodwa ake ngikutshele, ubuhle bazo buhlukile. Uma ufuna ingadi evelele ngokuhlukile kwayo, i-araucaria, yize ikhula kancane, ngokungangabazeki iyisinqumo esingcono kunephayini noma esinye isihlahla esivamile.

Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu engadini yilezi ezilandelayo:

I-Araucaria araucana

Ivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-Araucaria pine noma i-Pehuén, futhi uhlobo lwendabuko lwase-Argentina Patagonia. Lapho isikhulile, ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angaba ngu-50, kanti umqhele wayo ufinyelela amamitha amaningana ngaphezu komhlaba . Iphila iminyaka engaba yi-1000 futhi imelana nesithwathwa esimaphakathi.

I-Araucaria bidwillii

Lesi yi-Australian araucaria, isihlahla esidabuka eQueensland, e-Australia, esaziwa nangokuthi i-bunya pine. Isiqu saso siqondile futhi singafinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angaba ngu-40 . Umqhele awujwayelekile kakhulu, unesimo esicishe sibe yi-pyramidal phezulu. Amaqabunga aluhlaza futhi angamelana neqhwa. Ingakhula ezindaweni ezipholile, enamazinga okushisa aphansi njengo-12°C.

I-Araucaria columnaris

Yi-columnar araucaria, noma umuthi wephazili yenkawu. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-pine kaHooke, yize ingahlobene nomndeni wephayini. Ingafinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angaba ngu-60 , futhi njengoba igama layo lisikisela, inomqhele omncane. Iwuhlobo olutholakala eNew Caledonia, futhi namuhla itshalwa kabanzi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile ezinobusika obuthambile.

I-Araucaria cunninghamii

Ngolimi oluvamile, le conifer yaziwa ngokuthi umuthi wephazili wenkawu wase-Australia noma i-araucaria. Isiqu sayo singafinyelela kumamitha angu-60 ukuphakama , futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sikhula umqhele o-pyramidal. Ibekezelela amazinga okushisa abandayo kahle, kodwa isengozini yokushisa kakhulu.

I-Araucaria heterophylla

I- Araucaria heterophylla , eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Araucaria excelsa, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-giant pine ngenxa yomqhele wayo ohlukile. Idabuka eNorfolk Island, e-Australia, ingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-50 . Ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesitshalo sasekhaya, umkhuba ongakhuthazwa ngokuphelele njengoba udinga ukukhanya okwanele. Ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezishisayo kanye nezimo zezulu ezifudumele ezinobusika obuthambile.

Uyinakekela kanjani i-araucaria?

I-araucaria iyi-conifer edinga ukunakekelwa okuncane kakhulu. Akuyona isitshalo esiqinile impela, kodwa futhi akunzima kakhulu ukusinakekela. Uma usuyithengile, manje sizokutshela ukuthi yini okudingeka uyenze ukuze uyigcine ibukeka kahle kakhulu :

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi yisihlahla se-conifer esingakhula sibe side kunendlu futhi sidinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi, ngakho-ke sidinga ukusitshala ngaphandle . Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele sitshalwe engadini ngokushesha okukhulu, enhlabathini ecebile, ekhipha amanzi kahle, kodwa singakhetha futhi ukutshala i-araucaria ebhodweni eligcwele ingxube yezitshalo eziluhlaza ( akukho mikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa ) iminyaka embalwa.

Ngokuphathelene nokunisela, i-araucaria kufanele iniselwe kuphela uma ingani futhi inhlabathi ihlala yomile isikhathi eside . Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma itshalwe emhlabathini, njengoba ikhula iqine futhi ijwayelana kakhulu, ngeke idinge ukunisela njalo. Kodwa kuze kufike lolo suku, kuyalulekwa ukuyinisela njalo unyaka wonke, kodwa ikakhulukazi ehlobo.

Kunconywa futhi ukuyivundisa ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo . Lokhu kuhambisana nezinyanga ezifudumele zonyaka, njengoba ukubanda kunciphisa ukukhula kwayo. Futhi yini okufanele uyisebenzise? Isibonelo, umanyolo wemvelo ovela ezilwaneni, njengomanyolo noma i-guano.

Njengoba ubonile, ama-araucaria yizihlahla ezinhle kakhulu.