I-Birch (Betula)

Umuthi we-birch ungomunye walezo zihlahla ezingatholakala kuyo yonke ingxenye enkulu yeNyakatho Yenkabazwe . Unesivinini sokukhula okusheshayo, isici esifiseleka kakhulu uma utshalwe engadini, njengoba futhi unikeza umthunzi.

Nakuba kufanele uqaphele ngezimpande zayo futhi uyitshale kude nanoma yini engayiphula noma engayilimaza, njengemibhobho isibonelo, iyisitshalo esenza kube lula ukuhlobisa indawo.

Umsuka nezici ze-birch

Igama elithi birch libhekisela eqenjini lezihlahla ezibolayo (ngaphandle kowodwa, ohlala uluhlaza) ezingaphansi kohlobo lwe-Betula. Iningi lazo livela eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, nase-Asia, kodwa ezinye zikhula eNyakatho Afrika. Ngokuvamile ziyizihlahla ezifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10 kuya kwangu-30 , ezineziqu ezingaba zodwa noma amagatsha avela phansi, kanye namagxolo amhlophe.

Umqhele cishe uhlale u-ovate, futhi wakhiwe ngamahlamvu amise okwedayimane. Lezi zifinyelela ku-6 amasentimitha ubude, futhi ziluhlaza. Izimbali zawo ziyizinsikazi noma zesilisa, zombili zivela esihlahleni esisodwa, futhi zingama-catkin aluhlaza noma aphuzi, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni.

Izinhlobo noma izinhlobonhlobo ze-Betula

Ukuze wazi kangcono izihlahla ze-birch futhi ukwazi ukukhetha kangcono izinhlobonhlobo ofuna ukuba nazo engadini yakho, sizokwethula ngezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu engadini:

i-betula pendula (ngaphambi betula alba)

Yi-birch evamile noma yaseYurophu, yize itholakala nase-Asia. Ikhula ibe yisiqu esiqondile, esincane, esingaba amasentimitha angu-40 ubukhulu, negxolo elimhlophe elimsulwa. Ikhula ibe ngamamitha angu-30 ubude , futhi amaqabunga ayo aba phuzi ekwindla.

I-Betula papyrifera

I-paper birch, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-canoe birch, iyisihlahla esivame ukufika kumamitha angu-20 ukuphakama, kodwa singadlula amamitha angu-35 . Isiqu saso singamasentimitha angu-80 ububanzi futhi sinamagxolo amhlophe. Sivela eNyakatho Melika, kufaka phakathi i-Alaska. Sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezibandayo, okwenza sibe yindawo ekahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinehlobo elithambile kanye nekwindla ebandayo kanye nobusika.

I-Betula pubescence (ngaphambi I-Betula celtiberica)

Yaziwa ngokuthi i-downy birch futhi ivela enyakatho yeYurophu nasenyakatho ye-Asia. Ngakho-ke ifaneleka kakhulu ukutshalwa ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinobusika obubandayo. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10 kuya kwangu-30 futhi inesiqu esincane esingamasentimitha angu-40-50 ubukhulu . Ngesikhathi sasekwindla, lapho amazinga okushisa eqala ukwehla, amaqabunga ayo aba phuzi noma abe bomvu.

Betula nana

I-dwarf birch iyisihlahla esikhula ezindaweni zase-Arctic eNyakatho Melika, enyakatho yeYurophu nase-Asia. Ingatholakala naseGreenland. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-Betula, ihlala iluhlaza futhi ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-1,2 . Ayitshalwa kabanzi ezingadini, njengoba idinga isimo sezulu esipholile isikhathi esiningi sonyaka kanye nobusika obubandayo ukuze ichume.

Yenzelweni i-birch?

Yisitshalo esivame ukusetshenziswa ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa kuphela . Sinikeza umthunzi, futhi engadini singasetshenziswa njengothango olude. Singasetshenziswa ngisho nanjenge-bonsai, njengoba sibekezelela ukuthenwa kahle.

Kodwa ukusetshenziswa okungadumile kakhulu kwezokwelapha . Igxolo lezinye izinhlobo, njenge- Betula pubescens , liqukethe i-betulinic acid, engase isebenze ngokumelene nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Nasi isixhumanisi socwaningo uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ujusi namaqabunga alolu hlobo olufanayo anezakhiwo zokuhlanza, zokukhipha isisu, zokulwa nokuvuvukala, zokulwa namagciwane, kanye nezokulwa nokuvuvukala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkuni ze-birch zisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-plywood noma ifenisha yangaphakathi.

Yini oyidingayo ukuze ukhule kahle?

I-birch noma i-Betula isitshalo okuthi, nakuba sinesiqu esincanyana, izimpande zaso zinde kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa kakhulu ukuyitshala engadini enkulu, ngoba encane singagcina sinezinkinga. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zomuthi kufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze zikhule kahle:

Isimo sezulu

Okungcono kakhulu, isimo sezulu kufanele sibe nesimo sezulu esipholile, sibe nehlobo elithambile kanye nobusika obuneqhwa neqhwa . Kodwa-ke, i-Betula pendula ingatshalwa ezindaweni lapho ihlobo lifudumele khona (35ºC) kanye namaqhwa athambile (kufika ku-5ºC), kodwa akumele iswele amanzi.

Umhlaba

Inhlabathi yengadi kufanele ibe ntsha, ibe ne-asidi encane, futhi ivunde . Enhlabathini ene-calcareous, amaqabunga ayo aba ne-chlorotic ngenxa yokuntuleka kwensimbi futhi awe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Uma ufuna ukuyigcina ebhodweni isikhashana, kufanele uyitshale kwenye enezimbobo esisekelweni sayo, ene-substrate yezitshalo ezine-asidi ( Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa ).

Ukunisela

Isihlahla se-birch sidinga ukuniselwa njalo . Kubalulekile ukugcina inhlabathi imanzi ukuze ingomi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi emvula noma nini lapho kungenzeka; kungenjalo, khetha amanzi anokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-lime.

Umbhalisile

Kunconywa ukufaka umanyolo ezihlahleni ze-birch kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Imikhiqizo yemvelo ekhuthaza ukukhula, njenge-guano, ingasetshenziswa ngale njongo ( akukho mikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa ).

Ukuphindaphinda

Kusatshalaliswa ngembewu . Lokhu kumele kuhlwanyelwe ebusika, njengoba kuzomila entwasahlobo.

Isibindi

Yisihlahla esimelana neqhwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Okungenani, singamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku--18ºC , kodwa izinhlobo ezisenyakatho ezifana ne -Betula nana zingamelana no--30ºC, futhi mhlawumbe ziphansi kakhulu.

Ucabangeni nge-birch?