I-chestnut yamahhashi (i-Aesculus hippocastanum)

I-horse chestnut iyisihlahla esikhulu . Njengoba ifinyelela kumamitha angu-30 ukuphakama, ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesihlahla sesampula. Nakuba ingabonakala nasezitsheni, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, kunconywa ukuthi uyitshale emhlabathini ngokushesha okukhulu.

Nakuba izinga layo lokukhula livame ukuhamba kancane, lokho akufanele kusenze sikholelwe ukuthi idinga isikhala esincane. Uma isencane, inesiqu esincane, futhi izimpande zayo zikhula ngokushesha nangokubanzi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani kuzo zonke izigaba.

Yini I-Aesculus hippocastanum?

Lo muthi, ogama lawo lesayensi lingu- Aesculus hippocastanum , waziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-horse chestnut noma i-false chestnut, njengoba izithelo zawo zifana nalezo ezikhiqizwa yizihlahla zohlobo lwe-Castanea. Uvela emahlathini ase-Albania, eBulgaria, eGrisi, kanye neYugoslavia yangaphambili, yize manje ungatholakala ezingadini eziningi nasemapaki ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile emhlabeni jikelele.

Inesiqu esiqondile esinamagatsha amamitha ambalwa ngaphezu komhlabathi. Umqhele ungamamitha angaba ngu-5 nge-basal circle futhi wakhiwe ngamagatsha amaningi lapho kuvela khona amaqabunga esundu , akhiwe ngamapheshana aluhlaza ayi-5 noma ayi-7. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo. Izimbali zimhlophe futhi ziqoqwe ngama-pyramidal panicles.

Sinjani isithelo se-chestnut yehhashi?

Lesi sithelo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-horse chestnut, siyi-capsule ehlukana ibe izingxenye ezintathu ukuze kukhishwe imbewu . Lezi zinhlamvu zingaba amasentimitha angu-5 futhi zinesikhumba esinsundu. Akunakwenzeka ukuzidla ngqo ngoba ziqukethe i-esculin, into enobuthi kubantu; nokho, ezinye izilwane zingazidla ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Isetshenziselwa ini i-chestnut yamahhashi?

I- Aesculus hippocastanum inezindlela eziningana zokusebenzisa:

• Umhlobiso: yiyona esabalele kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu. Isihlahla esikhulu, esinezithelo ezinkulu, esinikeza nomthunzi omningi. Akunconywa ukuyisebenzisa njengothango, ngaphandle uma inde futhi ama-specimens abekwe cishe ngamamitha angu-4 ukusuka komunye nomunye, kodwa ibukeka kahle njengesibonelo esisodwa.
• Ukwelapha: Sishilo ukuthi izithelo azikwazi ukudliwa ngokuqondile, kodwa isikhathi esithile siye sabona imithi yemvelo ye-chestnut yamahhashi, njengama-lotions, ama-creams nama-capsules. Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, ngoba kwandisa ukucindezelwa kwemvelo kwe-vein futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvimbela ukubonakala kwemivimbo ye-varicose.

Yini ukunakekelwa kwe I-Aesculus hippocastanum?

I-chestnut yamahhashi iyisitshalo esihle kakhulu, kodwa indawo lapho izogcinwa khona kufanele ikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze inani layo lokuhlobisa ligcinwe noma likhuphuke. Ngalesi sizathu, ngezansi sizokhuluma ngokunakekelwa okudingayo:

Indawo

Kubalulekile ukuyigcina ngaphandle elangeni eligcwele . Hhayi ngoba ikhula ibe yinde kakhulu, kodwa futhi ikakhulukazi ngoba idinga ukuzwa imvula, umoya, ukufudumala kwemisebe yelanga, kanye nesithwathwa. Kodwa kufanele uyibeke kuphi ngempela?

Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo ingatshalwa ebhodweni, kodwa kuyofika isikhathi (ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi uma ilinganisa imitha eyi-1) lapho kuyodingeka sitshale emhlabathini. Uma ifika, izotuswa kakhulu ukuyitshala ebangeni elingamamitha amahlanu ukusuka ezindongeni nasezindongeni, futhi cishe amamitha ayishumi ukusuka kumapayipi.

Umhlaba

• Isibindi: the I-Aesculus hippocastanum ayifuni kakhulu. Ikhula kuyo yomibili inhlabathi ene-alkaline kanye ne-acidic kancane. Ayinankinga kakhulu uma iwubumba inqobo nje uma amanzi ephuma kahle.
• Imbiza yezimbali: ebhodweni ingatshalwa nge-substrate yendawo yonke. Manje, lapho isimo sezulu sisezingeni eliphansi ohlangothini olufudumele, njengeMedithera, ngincoma ukuthi ngikhule nge-sandy substrates njenge-akadama. Ngale ndlela, uzobona ukuthi izimpande zingcono kakhulu, okuzoyisiza ikhule kahle ngosuku ofuna ukuyibeka engadini.

Ukunisela

Izihlahla ze-horse chestnut zidinga amanzi amaningi. Zihlushwa kakhulu yisomiso, ngakho-ke zidinga ukuniselwa njalo , ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi sonyaka, futhi kuye ngesimo sezulu, kungadingeka ukuzinisela okungenani kathathu ngesonto, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisebhodweni noma zitshalwe emhlabathini.

Ekwindla nasebusika, uma lina njalo, ukuchelela kungahlukaniswa, njengoba inhlabathi ithatha isikhathi eside ukomisa, futhi njengoba isihlahla singakhuli kulezi zinyanga, amanzi aso adinga ukuncipha kancane.

Umbhalisile

Ngesikhathi ikhula, kuyazuzisa futhi kuyalulekwa ukuyivundisa . Kulokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo noma nini lapho kungenzeka, njengoba lokhu kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zenhlabathi. Yimiphi ongayisebenzisa? Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezizoba wusizo, isibonelo: i-mulch, umquba, i-humus, kanye nomanyolo (owomile).

Okuwukuphela kwento ukuthi uma isebhodweni, kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukugeleza komhlabathi ekubeni kubi kakhulu.

Ukuphindaphinda

Ama-chestnut amahhashi ( i-Aesculus hippocastanum) asakazwa ngembewu . Lawa kufanele ahlwanyelwe ngaphandle ebusika, njengoba edinga isikhathi sokubanda ukuze ahlume. Beka imbewu eyodwa noma ezimbili ebhodweni elinengxube yokuqala imbewu bese uvumela imvelo ukuthi iqhubeke. Kodwa-ke, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, kuyalulekwa ukwengeza isibabule esincane esiphundu. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta.

Uma zikwazi ukusebenza, zizohluma entwasahlobo ezingeni lokushisa elingu-15-20ºC, kuphela ngemva kokuchayeka emakhazeni.

Ukufakelwa

Kudingeka itshalwe kabusha entwasahlobo , ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga ayo ahlume. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma izimpande zikhula ziphuma emigodini yokukhipha amanzi ebhodweni, noma uma isikhala sesiphelile, ngaphandle kwalokho ibhola lempande lizoqhekeka futhi libe yinkinga, njengoba kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuthi liqhubeke nokukhula.

Uma ufuna ukuyitshala emhlabathini, kuhle ukulinda kuze kube yilapho ilinganisa okungenani amasentimitha angu-50, ngoba lapho ukuphakama kungabonakala; okungukuthi, kulula ukuyihlukanisa kwezinye izitshalo. Ngize ngalinda isikhathi eside, kwaze kwaba yimitha eyi-1 ubude, ngoba isitshalo esithandwa kakhulu, ebengisitshala kusukela ngo-2008, futhi bengifuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi kuzolunga.

Izihlahla

I -Aesculus hippocastanum akufanele inqunywe . Ayidingi.

Izinambuzane

Ingathinteka yi- lepidoptera . Ngokukhethekile , i-Pammene fasciana , i-Zeuzera pyrina , i-Lymanthria dispar , kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-cydia, njenge- Cydia splendana kanye ne-Cydia fagiglandana . Zonke zibangela umonakalo emaqabungeni, zishiya amabala amhlophe azungezile, imidwebo emagatsheni, futhi zibhubhise izithelo.

Uma indawo ifudumele futhi yomile kakhulu, ngeke kumangaze ukuthola ama-mealybugs . Kodwa ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga enkulu.

Izifo

Izifo kufanele zisikhathaze ngaphezu kwezinambuzane. Zintathu, futhi zontathu zingabangela ukufa kwesifanekiso uma singelashwa ngesikhathi. Lezi izi:

• I-Chestnut anthracnose: kubangelwa ukhunta I-Mycosphaerella maculiformis, futhi aphendule amathiphu amaqabunga abe nsundu. Ezibonelweni zabantu abadala, zibangela ukubonakala kwamaqhubu esiqwini. Kokubili ukuvimbela nokwelapha kufanele kuphathwe ngama-systemic fungicides. Ulwazi oluningi.
• isifo se-chestnut: ngolunye ukhunta, i I-Cryphonectria parasitica, ekhiqiza izimbobo egxolweni lamagatsha nesiqu. Iwuhlobo lwezilwane ezingavamile futhi ezihlaselayo, iphinde yafakwa ohlwini lwezingu-100 eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuyimbangela yokufa kwezihlahla eziningi ze-chestnut zamahhashi kanye nezihlahla ze-chestnut enyakatho yeSpain.
• Uyinki wesitshulu: kubangelwa ukhunta I-Phytopthora cinnamomi. Ikhiqiza ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga, ukubola kwezimpande ngisho nokuwa kwezithelo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Kokubili ukuvimbela nokwelapha, ama-systemic fungicides kufanele asetshenziswe.

Isibindi

I -horse chestnut (i-Aesculus hippocastanum) ingamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi afinyelela ku--20°C . Ayilinyazwa futhi amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-35°C uma imfushane futhi inamanzi anele. Ingaphila kuphela ezindaweni ezinezinkathi ezichazwe kahle.

Ucabangeni nge-chestnut yamahhashi?