Umuthi we-oki waseHolm (Quercus ilex)

I- holm oak (Quercus ilex) iyisihlahla esiqinile nesiqinile kakhulu . Nakuba sikhula kancane, siyinhlobo ekwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa esimaphakathi kanye nesomiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sinomthunzi oqinile kangangokuthi sinikeza umthunzi owanele, into ethandwa kakhulu ngezinsuku ezishisayo kakhulu.

Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, izithelo zayo, esizazi ngokuthi ama-acorn, ziyisidlo esimnandi ngemva kokuzithosa (akufanele zidliwe ziluhlaza, njengoba ukwenza kanjalo okungenani kungabangela ubuhlungu besisu). Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, isihlahla sengadi, noma ngisho nesihlahla semifino, esizosenza sijabule. Ake sifunde kabanzi ngakho.

Unjani I-Quercus ilex?

I- holm oak (Quercus ilex) iyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esidabuka esifundeni saseMedithera, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-holm oak, i-evergreen oak, noma i-evergreen oak, lesi sakamuva sivame kakhulu eningizimu yeSpain. Sifinyelela ukuphakama okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-15 kuya kwangu-25 , kuye ngezimo zenhlabathi futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, imvula; ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezinemvula encane noma ezingenayo nhlobo imvula, sizohlala sifushane kunezindawo ezinemvula evame kakhulu.

Umqhele wayo uyindilinga futhi ubanzi, futhi wakhiwe amaqabunga aluhlaza, anesikhumba, ahlala esitshalweni iminyaka emi-3 ngokwesilinganiso aze athathelwe indawo kancane kancane amasha. Inombala owodwa, inezimbali zesilisa nezesifazane esitshalweni esifanayo . Izimbali zesilisa ziyi-catkins, ziphuzi kancane ekuqaleni futhi zinsundu njengoba zikhula; izimbali zesifazane zihluma eziqwini ezilengayo, zincane futhi ziphuzi.

Izithelo zayo, ama-acorn, zingamasentimitha amabili ubude futhi zinsundu omnyama . Zinesihloko esicijile, esizihlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo ze-oki, futhi zivuthwa ekwindla nasebusika. Lo muthi uqala ukuthela izithelo eneminyaka eyi-15 ubudala, uma nje isimo sezulu kanye nezimo zenhlabathi zivuma.

Kuyini?

I-oki isetshenziswa kaningi. Sesikushilo okukodwa, okudliwayo, kodwa kukhona okunye okuthokozisayo ukwazi:

• Umhlobiso: Kusetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwabantu. Kuyisihlahla esinikeza umthunzi omnandi kakhulu, opholile futhi ominyene.
• Ukudla: ama-acorns amnandi kakhulu awukudla kwemfuyo, kodwa futhi nabantu. Siwadla ngemva kokuwagcoba. Ufulawa nawo wenziwa futhi usetshenziselwa ukwenza isinkwa.
• Ukushiswa kwesikhumba: Amagxolo akhona anothe ngama-tannins, asetshenziswa embonini yesikhumba.
• ukubulala amagciwane ezilonda: Uma amagxolo ehlanganiswe namaqabunga agayiwe nezithelo, bese ephekwa, kutholakala into engasetshenziswa ukuphulukisa izilonda.
• Madera: Isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye okumele zimelane nokungqubuzana okuningi, njengamasondo emoto, isibonelo, noma amathuluzi.

Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?

I-holm oak, noma i-Quercus ilex , ingenye yezihlahla ezivame kakhulu eMedithera yaseSpain. Itholakala kakhulu e-Iberian Peninsula, kodwa naseziQhingini zaseBalearic. Lokhu akuvimbeli ukuthi ibonakale ezingadini eziningi; phela, imelana kahle nokushisa kanye namazinga okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-zero. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula izinto eziningana ukuze ugweme izinkinga:

• Yisihlahla esidinga indawo. Ikhula kancane, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi singayikhulisa ebhodweni impilo yayo yonke (ngaphandle uma ithenwa), noma engadini encane kakhulu.
• Ezimweni lapho bungekho khona ubusika (kubanda) ayikwazi ukuphila. Nakuba kuyisitshalo esihlala siluhlaza, sidinga amazinga okushisa ehle ngaphansi kuka-0 degrees ngesikhathi esithile, futhi sihlale ngaphansi kuka-20ºC izinyanga ezimbalwa.
• Idinga okungenani imvula engu-400mm ngonyaka ukuze ibe isihlahla esizinakekelayo. Imelana nesomiso kahle uma isigxilile futhi isijwayele, kodwa uma iyinde kakhulu iba nesikhathi esinzima.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ukunakekelwa okudingayo yilokhu okulandelayo:

Indawo

Yisitshalo esihlala sikhula ngaphandle, endaweni evezwe elangeni eliqondile . Ngisho namathileyi embewu kumele abekwe ezindaweni ezinelanga ukuze izithombo zikhule kahle kusukela ekuqaleni kokuphila kwazo.

Umhlaba kanye obhalisile

Ikhula kahle cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi , kodwa uma uzoyigcina ebhodweni iminyaka embalwa kufanele uyitshale endaweni ekhipha amanzi kahle (njengokungathi ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele. ), njengoba izimpande zingabekezeleli umswakama owedlulele.

Ngokuphathelene nokufaka umanyolo, kunconywa ukuthi ufaka umanyolo entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Uma kusemhlabathini, ungangeza umquba wezinkomo, isibonelo; futhi uma usebhodweni, sebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi ovela ezintweni eziphilayo, njenge-guano ( akukho mikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa ).

Ukunisela

Ngesikhathi isebhodweni, futhi eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala ngemva kokutshala emhlabathini, kufanele iniselwe izikhathi eziningana ngesonto ehlobo . Ngokuphambene nalokho, unyaka wonke, idinga ukuniselwa kuphela uma inhlabathi ibonakala yomile.

Izihlahla

Akudingi ngempela ukunqunywa , kodwa uma kuzokhuliswa ebhodweni, kuzodingeka unqunye amagatsha alo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kunqunywa kungaphazamisi ubuhle bomuthi; akufanele kubonakale kakhulu.

Kungcono njalo ukusika okuncane eminyakeni eminingi kunokwenza ukucheba okukodwa okukhulu ngonyaka owodwa, ngoba uma sikhetha lokhu okulandelayo, cishe sizofinyeza impilo ye- Quercus ilex yethu . Futhi, udinga ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afanele.

Ukuphindaphinda

I-holm oak iphindaphindwa ngembewu ebusika (kumele ikhule ibanda), kanye nezicucu entwasahlobo.

Izinhlupho nezifo

Iqinile kakhulu, kodwa kuyiqiniso ukuthi ingathinteka yisikhunta uma inamanzi amaningi , noma yisinambuzane esaziwa ngokuthi i-oak gall . Lokhu kwamuva kubangela ukuthi kuvele amaqhubu amancane ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yi- Dryomia lichtensteini, uhlobo lweconsi.

Ukuwulawula, okwenziwayo ukuthena izingxenye ezithintekile, futhi ugcine isihlahla sinempilo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isibindi

Isekela phakathi kuka -15ºC ubuncane kanye no-40ºC esiphezulu.

Ucabangani nge- Quercus ilex?