I-Medlar (Eriobotrya japonica)

I-loquat ingenye yalezo zihlahla ezikhula kahle engadini yemifino kanye nasegadini yezitshalo zokuhlobisa . Akuyona nje isitshalo esidliwayo—futhi esimnandi, nginganezela—izithelo; uphahla lwayo oluminyene lunikeza umthunzi owanele. Futhi masingakhohlwa izimbali zalo, ezingaqhakaza kusenesikhathi, ekwindla; empeleni, uma isimo sezulu sivuma, ziqala ukuvela kusenesikhathi ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba.

Uma lokho bekunganele, ibekezelela ukushisa nokubanda, futhi inesilinganiso sokukhula esisheshayo ngokufanele kusukela ekuhlumeni kwembewu. Okuhle kunakho konke, iqala ukuthela izithelo isencane: cishe iminyaka emine ubudala. Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, ngikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi iyisitshalo okufanele sitshalwe kakhulu kunalokho esiyikho. Ngezansi, ngizokutshela ukuthi sinjani nokuthi sidinga ukunakekelwa okungakanani.

Iyini i-loquat?

Lesi isihlahla sezithelo esihlala siluhlaza esidabuka eShayina. Sathulwa eJapan kusukela lapho eminyakeni engaphezu kwenkulungwane edlule, lapho manje sesivele singokwemvelo khona. Saziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Japanese medlar noma i-Japanese loquat ukuze sihlukaniswe ne-European medlar ( Mespilus germanica ), futhi sifinyelela ukuphakama okungaba amamitha ayi-10 , yize ekulinyweni ngokuvamile singadluli amamitha ayi-5-6, njengoba sivame ukunqunywa ukuze kube lula ukuvunwa.

Inkomishi ibanzi, inomumo oyindilinga, futhi yenziwe ngamacembe ayi-oblong noma ayi-elliptic, ane-coriaceous, futhi inobukhulu obungafika kumasentimitha angama-30 ubude namasentimitha afinyelela kwayi-10 ububanzi. Zine-pubescent underside, kanye nezinzwa eziphawuleka kakhulu.

Iqhakaza ekwindla . Izimbali ziqoqwe ngama-panicles angaba amasentimitha ayi-15 ubude, kanti imbali ngayinye iphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-1 namabili ububanzi, imhlophe, futhi inephunga elimnandi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ziyi-hermaphroditic , okusho ukuthi udinga isitshalo esisodwa kuphela ukuze ukhiqize izithelo. Lezi zithelo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zimise okwepheya, futhi ziphakathi kwamasentimitha ama-3 nayisithupha ubude. Isikhumba siphuzi, siwolintshi, noma ngezinye izikhathi sibomvu, kanti uqweqwe lumhlophe, luphuzi, noma luwolintshi olunokunambitheka okumnandi, okune-asidi, noma okune-asidi kancane.

Kuyini?

Ukusetshenziswa okunikezwa kulesi sihlahla ngokuyisisekelo kumbili: okokupheka kanye nokuhlobisa. Ake sikhulume ngazo:

ukusetshenziswa kokupheka nokwelapha

Ukusetshenziswa okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-loquat yaseJapan ukupheka. Izithelo zingadliwa ziluhlaza , zisanda kukhiwa esihlahleni. Uma uthanda, zingadliwa zixutshwe nezinye izithelo; zingasetshenziswa ngisho nokwenza ama-dessert njenge-tarts, noma iwayini.

Inani layo lokudla okunempilo ngama-gramu ayi-100 limi ngokulandelayo:

• Amakhabhohayidrethi: 12,14g
  • Umucu: 1,7g
• Amafutha: 0,20g
• Amaprotheni: 0,43g
• I-Vitamin A: 76 μg (8% yenani elinconyiwe lansuku zonke)
• Ivithamini B1: 0,019mg (1%)
• Ivithamini B2: 0,024mg (2%)
• Ivithamini B3: 0,180mg (1%)
• Ivithamini B6: 0,100mg (8%)
• I-Vitamin C: 1mg (2%)
• I-calcium: 16mg (2%)
• I-ayoni: 0,28mg (2%)
• I-Magnesium: 12mg (3%)
• Phosphorus: 27mg (4%)
• I-Potassium: 266mg (6%)
• Isodium: 1mg (0%)
• I-Zinc: 0,05mg (1%)

Ngakho-ke, iwusizo nakwezokwelapha , njengoba, isibonelo, i-vitamin C iqinisa amasosha omzimba, kanti i-fiber iyasiza ekuqunjelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-iron ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni i-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron, isimo esingaba buthakathaka kakhulu ngisho nasezigabeni zaso zokuqala.

E-China, kulungiswa isiraphu ye-medlar esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezinjengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa

Okunye ukusetshenziswa okubaluleke kakhulu, yize mhlawumbe kungaphansi kakhulu kokupheka kwayo, ukuhlobisa. Kuyisihlahla esinikeza umthunzi owanele, sikhiqiza izimbali ezinephunga elimnandi, futhi sibekezelela kahle iqhwa . Ngaphezu kwalokho, asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Ihlangana ngokumangalisayo nezinye izitshalo, futhi into engcono kakhulu ukuthi ayinazo izimpande ezihlaselayo. Eqinisweni, kunconywa kakhulu ukutshala emasimini amancane, lapho kuzohlinzeka khona ukuthinta okuthakazelisayo kakhulu kwe-tropical.

Ziyini ukunakekelwa kwe-medlar?

Uma unesibindi sokuba ne-loquat yakho, yilokhu okudingeka ukwazi ukuze kube kuhle futhi ungakwazi ukunambitha izithelo zayo:

Indawo

Kuyisihlahla esingadingi nje kuphela ukukhuliswa ngaphandle, kodwa futhi kubalulekile ukuthi sibekwe elangeni eliqondile . Besizokwenza iphutha—elingathi sína kakhulu, ngombono wami—ukube besisikhulisa ngaphakathi endlini noma endlini yokuhluma, ngoba ukushisa noma isithwathwa akusilimazi; okuphambene nalokho, empeleni: ukube besingenazo izinkathi zonyaka ezishintshayo, besingeke sibe nempilo enhle.

Umhlaba

Akuyona into exakile. Ingakhula enhlabathini ene-alkaline ngaphandle kwenkinga, kanye nasenhlabathini ene-asidi encane. Ngisho noma uzoyigcina ebhodweni isikhashana, ungasebenzisa ingxube ye-universal potting ( Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa. ), efanele izitshalo eziningi ezahlukene; nokho, ngincoma ukusebenzisa eyodwa ngqo engadini zasemadolobheni ( Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa . ), equkethe izakhamzimba ezizodinga ukuze ikhule kahle isizini yonke.

Ukunisela

Kudingeka ukuthi iniselwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Akusona isihlahla esibekezelela isomiso, kodwa futhi asithandi ukugcwala kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ngincoma ukuthi iniselwe kabili ngesonto ehlobo, noma kathathu uma amazinga okushisa edlula ama-30ºC futhi inhlabathi yoma ngokushesha ; kanye noma kabili ngesonto unyaka wonke. Nisela kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi noma isisekelo simanzi kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho ezinye izimpande ngeke zithole amanzi anele.

Umswakama

I-loquat ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu , njengasogwini lolwandle. Uma ikhule ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophansi, ngaphansi kwama-50%, amaqabunga ayoma. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, ungayifutha ngamanzi emvula ngemva kokushona kwelanga.

Umbhalisile

Kungumqondo omuhle ukuyivundisa kusukela ekwindla, lapho iqala ukuqhakaza, kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo . Kulokhu, sizosebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo, njengomanyolo ovela ezilwaneni ezidla uhlaza (amahhashi, izinkomo, njll.), i-guano ( Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa. ), ama-worm castings ( Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa. ), kanye nomquba.

Umnikelo wamasonto amabili uzokusiza ukuthi ukhiqize izithelo eziningi, futhi ube nempilo engcono uma kungenzeka.

Izihlahla

Ayidingi ngempela ukuthenwa. Amagatsha omile noma aphukile kuphela okufanele asuswe. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kulula, unganciphisa nobude balezo ezikhula isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwezithelo, ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari.

Ukuphindaphinda

Isakazwa ngembewu , ehluma kahle entwasahlobo uma ihlwanyelwe ebhodweni elinomhlaba wokufaka izimbiza bese ibekwa endaweni enelanga. Ngezinye izikhathi iyaxhunyelelwa, kodwa ukuxhunyelelwa akubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izithelo, njengoba izimbali ze-loquat zi-hermaphroditic.

Izinhlupho nezifo

Kungaba nezimbungulu ze-mealy, ama-aphid, kanye nezimpukane zezithelo . Lezi zinambuzane zingalawulwa ngezibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo, njenge-diatomaceous earth ( Akukho mikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa. ) noma izicupho ezinamathelayo eziphuzi ( Akukho mikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa. ).

Ngokuphathelene nezifo, ithintwa yi -loquat scab ( i-Fusicladium eriobrotryae ), ebangela ukuthi kuvele amabala ayindilinga, amnyama, cishe amnyama emagatsheni nasezithelweni; kanye nebala elinsomi , njengoba igama lalo lisho, elibangela ukuthi kuvele amabala ansomi esithelweni.

Esokuqala siphathwa ngemithi yokubulala isikhunta esekelwe ethusi ( akukho mikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa. ) eqala ekwindla; kanti esesibili ngokunikeza i-calcium ne-zinc esihlahleni, njengoba ukuntuleka kwalezi zakhi zomzimba yikho okubangela lesi sifo.

Isibindi

I-medlar ithwala isithwathwa ukuya ku -12ºC, bese ishisa kufika ku-40ºC uma inamanzi.

Ingabe unesibindi sokuba ne-loquat yakho?