I-Fir (Abies)

I-Fir yigama elivamile esilisebenzisayo ukubhekisela ochungechungeni lwama-conifers amakhulu anomumo we-pyramidal. Zinhle kakhulu, futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zikhula kancane, zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto zokuhlobisa ezingadini, cishe njalo njengezibonelo ezihlukene.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba amashumi amahlanu zezihlahla ze-fir, kodwa kusenokungabaza ngokuthi zonke ziyizinhlobo eziyinhloko noma ezinye ziyizinhlobo ezincane. Kunoma ikuphi, ungakhathazeki ngalokho okwamanje. Ngezansi, ngizokutshela ngalezo ongazithola kalula ezithengiswayo eSpain, nokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani.

Yini i-fir?

I-fir yigama elivamile lezitshalo zohlobo lwe-Abies. Zivela eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, lapho zihlala khona ikakhulukazi emahlathini e-coniferous ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ukuphakama kwazo kuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-10 kuya kwangu-80, futhi kulula ukuzibona ngenxa yesimo sazo se-pyramidal . Amaqabunga anombala ofana nenaliti futhi aluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izithelo ziyi-cylindrical cones eziphakathi kuka-5 no-30 amasentimitha ubude. Lezi zihlangene futhi zinzima kakhulu. Lapho ibola, imbewu ishiywa mahhala.

Kuyini?

Kuyisitshalo esinemisebenzi eminingi, okuyilezi:

• umuthi wensimu: njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, ziyizitshalo ezitshalwa njengesibonelo sodwa, noma ngemigqa. Zibukeka kahle kakhulu izingadi eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu, isibonelo endaweni yokuphumula.
• isitshalo sikakhisimusi: zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, ikakhulukazi UNordmanniana abies. Kodwa azivumelani nezimo zangaphakathi ekhaya, ngakho zilahlekelwa amaqabunga ngokushesha.
• Madera: Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amafreyimu, iminyango, nokunye okunjalo okuzoba ngaphakathi kwendlu.

izinhlobo ze-spruce

Uma ungathanda ukuba ne-fir engadini yakho kodwa ungazi ukuthi iyiphi ongayikhetha, manje usuzokwazi izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:

U-Abies alba

Yaziwa ngokuthi i-common fir noma i-white fir, futhi iyisihlahla esifinyelela ukuphakama okuphakathi kwamamitha angu-20 no-60 . Ivela eYurophu ephakathi, ifinyelela enyakatho yaseSpain, ikakhulukazi ePyrenees. Ithanda inhlabathi evundile, ene-asidi kancane.

I-Abies balsamea

Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Christmas fir noma i-balsam fir, iyi-conifer evela e-United States naseCanada ekhula phakathi kwamamitha ayi-14 nama-27 ubude . Izinaliti zayo ziluhlaza okotshani okukhazimulayo, kanti ama-cone ayo aqala abe nsomi bese kamuva aba nsundu.

U-Abies concolor

I-Colorado fir iyi-conifer ekhula ezintabeni zasentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ifinyelela ukuphakama okuphakathi kwamamitha angu-25 no-60 , kanti izinaliti zayo ziluhlaza noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isiqu sayo, njengesezinye izinhlobo, sinamakholomu; kanti amakhoni ayo ansundu.

Ama-abies aseKorea

I-Korean fir iyisihlahla esivela eNingizimu Korea, lapho sikhula khona ezintabeni eziphakeme. Sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10-18 , kanti izinaliti zaso ziluhlaza. Ama-cone anombala onsomi futhi athatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuvuthwa. Kunconywa kuphela ukuthi sitshalwe ezindaweni ezibandayo.

UNordmanniana abies

Yaziwa ngokuthi i-Normandy fir noma i-Caucasian fir, futhi ivela kokubili eCaucasus nase-Asia Minor. Ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-60 futhi inezinaliti eziluhlaza. Ama-cone ayo apinki.

abies pinsapo

I-Spanish fir (pinsapo) iyi-conifer edabuka eningizimu ye-Iberian Peninsula ekhula ibe ngamamitha angu-30 ubude . Isiqu sayo siqondile, kodwa singasonteka njengoba sikhula. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, futhi akhiqiza ama-cone abomvu noma ansomi. Luhlobo olusengozini yokuqothulwa.

Uwunakekela kanjani umuthi womtholo?

I-fir isihlahla esimelana nokubandayo nesithwathwa kahle kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi sibekwe endaweni efanele, ngaphandle kwalokho izoqala ukulahlekelwa amaqabunga ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, ake sibone ukuthi singayinakekela kanjani:

Indawo

Kumelwe igcinwe ngaphandle, njalo . Akuyona into enhle ukuyigcina endlini, ngisho namasonto ambalwa ngonyaka. Kuyisihlahla sengadi esidinga ukubhekana nezinkathi zonyaka ezishintshayo, imvula, umoya, iqhwa kanye nelanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo nezimpande, kubalulekile ukuthi itshalwe emhlabathini, ebangeni elingamamitha ayishumi ukusuka kumapayipi.

Inhlabathi noma i-substrate

• Isibindi: umhlaba kumele ucebe ngezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube okujulile, ukukhanya futhi kube nokugeleza okuhle.
• Imbiza yezimbali: kucatshangelwa ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwayo lihamba kancane, kungenzeka ukuthi likhule ebhodweni iminyaka eminingi. Isebenzisa i-universal substrate (iyathengiswa Ayikho imikhiqizo etholiwe.) noma ingxube ye-30% ye-perlite mulch (iyathengiswa Ayikho imikhiqizo etholiwe.).

Ukunisela

Lezi zitshalo zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinemvula evame ukuna . Ngakho-ke, uma uhlala endaweni eyomile, kufanele uzinisele cishe kathathu ngesonto ehlobo, kanye noma kabili ngesonto ekwindla nasebusika.

Kodwa uma sitshala emhlabathini futhi lina unyaka wonke, kufanele nje sikuqaphele kancane eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala.

Umbhalisile

Kunconywa kakhulu ukufaka umanyolo ukuze kukhule kahle isihlahla se-fir. Yenza lokhu entwasahlobo nasehlobo , usebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo njenge-guano ( akukho mikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa ) noma umquba wezinkomo. Faka inani elincane eduze kwesihlahla, bese unisela.

Ukufakelwa

Entwasahlobo . Uma isebhodweni, kufanele uyitshale kwenye enkulu cishe njalo eminyakeni emine. Noma kunjalo, uma isifinyelele imitha elilodwa ukuphakama, kungcono ukuyitshala emhlabathini ukuze ikhule iqine.

Ukuphindaphinda

Umuthi we-fir utshalwa ngembewu , okufanele ihlwanyelwe ebusika ebhodweni elibekwe ngaphandle, noma ibekwe esiqandisini izinyanga ezintathu. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ingxube yokuqala imbewu ( akukho mikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa) noma i-vermiculite ( akukho mikhiqizo etholakala ithengiswa ), futhi uyigcine imanzi kodwa ingagcwali amanzi. Ukuhluma kungathatha izinyanga eziningana.

Isibindi

Imelana nesithwathwa esinamandla kuze kufike ku--18ºC ngokwesilinganiso.

Ingabe uthanda i-fir?