I-Olive yasendle (Olea europaea var europaea)

Umnqumo wasendle umuthi omncane, ohlala uluhlaza ongathandwa njengomuthi womnqumo, okungenani hhayi ngaphandle kwezindawo zawo zomdabu. Kodwa-ke, njengomuthi womnqumo, ungachuma enhlabathini yobumba, ungenazo izakhamzimba eziningi, ngisho nakulezo ezivame ukuguguleka.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi kuye kwaba ukuhlobisa, kungaba njengesitshalo sengadi noma njenge-bonsai, okwenza kube ngesinye sezithakazelisa kakhulu kwabaqalayo ngenxa yokuswela kwayo amanzi aphansi. Kodwa sinjani lesi sitshalo?

Uyini umnqumo wasendle?

Umnqumo wasendle, ogama lakhe lesayensi yi- Olea europaea var. europaea* , uyisitshalo esivame ukukhula njengesihlahla kunesihlahla, futhi sikhula endle e-Eastern Mediterranean basin. Sifinyelela ukuphakama okungaba amamitha ayi-1 kuya kwangu-5 , kuye ngokuthi imbewu ihlume kuphi, ukuba khona kwezinye izitshalo eziseduze, kanye nesimo sezulu. Amaqabunga mancane, angaba yisentimitha elilodwa ubude, futhi aluhlaza okotshani futhi akhazimula phezulu, futhi aluhlaza okotshani ngaphansi.

Izimbali zayo nazo zincane, zingaba yisentimitha elilodwa ngobukhulu, futhi zimhlophe . Uma sezitholwe impova, zikhiqiza izithelo ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-olive asendle, afana nama-olive kodwa amancane futhi amnyama ngombala (ziba nsundu noma zibe mnyama uma sezivuthiwe ngokugcwele).

*Amagama athi Olea europaea var. sylvestris kanye nelithi Olea oleaster abhekwa njengamagama afanayo. Ngamanye amazwi, umnqumo wasendle umuthi womnqumo wasendle.

Isebenzani?

Lesi sitshalo sinokusetshenziswa okuningi:

• Umhlobiso: engadini ingasetshenziswa njengothango lobude obuphansi noma obuphakathi, isifanekiso esingasodwa ukuze sinikeze umthunzi, noma itshalwe ngemigqa. Ingase futhi isetshenzwe njenge-bonsai, noma ikhule ebhodweni njenge-shrub noma isihlahla esincane esinikezwe ukumelana kwayo nokuthenwa.
• Kuyadliwa: nakuba iminqumo yayo mincane kuneyesihlahla somnqumo, ezindaweni zokudlela ezisesifundeni saseMedithera ngokuvamile inikezwa njengokudla okulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafutha omnqumo asendle angadliwa ku-toast noma amasaladi, isibonelo.
• Ukwelapha:ngokuka a ukutadisha yaseNyuvesi yaseSeville, enanelwa ngu-El País, yembula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kweminqumo yasendle kusiza ukugcina umfutho wegazi ovamile, kunciphisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Isihlahla somnqumo sidingani ukunakekelwa?

Bambalwa kakhulu, empeleni. Kodwa ukuze ugweme izinkinga ngangokunokwenzeka, sizochaza ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani inempilo futhi iyigugu:

Indawo

Umuthi womnqumo wasendle uyisitshalo sangaphandle esidinga indawo enelanga . Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke siphile isikhathi eside. Futhi, uma usitshala engadini, kufanele sibekwe cishe ngamamitha amabili ukusuka odongeni nasezitshalweni ezinkulu.

Izimpande zawo azihlaseli, kodwa njengazo zonke izimpande zezitshalo, zizohamba ziyofuna umswakama. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uma ukhathazekile ngamapayipi, yibeke cishe ngamamitha angu-4 noma ama-5 ukusuka kuwo.

Umhlaba

• Isibindi: Imila odakeni, umhlabathi okhishwe kahle. Iyakwazi ukubekezelela izikhukhula ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa kungcono ukuthi inhlabathi ingahlali igcwele amanzi isikhathi eside.
• Imbiza yezimbali: kuzotshalwa nge Ayikho imikhiqizo etholiwe.. Futhi, ibhodwe kufanele libe nezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.

Ukunisela

Umuthi womnqumo wasendle uyisitshalo esikhula ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi simelana nesomiso nokushisa . Uma utshalwe engadini, uzodinga ukuwunisela kanye noma kabili ngesonto ngonyaka wokuqala ukuze uzisize uzinze futhi uzijwayele. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili kuqhubeke, unganciphisa kancane kancane imvamisa yokunisela uze uyeke ukuwunisela ngokuphelele.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isebhodweni, kuzodingeka uyinisele ngezikhathi ezithile impilo yayo yonke . Ehlobo, inisele cishe kabili ngesonto, kanti unyaka wonke kanye ngesonto, noma ngaphansi uma lina.

Umbhalisile

Akudingi ukufakwa umanyolo, ngaphandle kokuthi kusebhodweni, lapho-ke kuzozuza kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa njalo komanyolo we-organic owuketshezi, njengokuthi [ Akukho mikhiqizo etholakele]. noma i-guano.

Izihlahla

Uma isitshalo sisesincane futhi singakaqhakazi, singanqunywa ekupheleni kobusika ; kungenjalo, kunconywa ukukwenza ekwindla. Susa noma yimaphi amagatsha afile noma aphukile, bese usika noma yimaphi akhula isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Uma ufuna ukuba nayo njengesihlahla esincane, kufanele futhi uqede lezo ezikhula ibangana elifushane ukusuka phansi, ukugcina isiqu ngaphandle kwamagatsha kuze kube ukuphakama okuthile.

Izinhlupho nezifo

Iyamelana impela, kodwa ingahlaselwa yizinambuzane ezifanayo ezithinta umuthi womnqumo , okungukuthi:

• Impukane yomnqumo
• i-olive mealybug
• Inhlwathi yomnqumo
• ama-olive thrips
• Isizungu
• i-erinose yomnqumo

Zingelashwa ngezibulala-zinambuzane ezithile . Akukho mikhiqizo etholakele.

Uma sikhuluma ngezifo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi zitholakale, kodwa uma inhlabathi ihlala imanzi isikhathi eside, izimpande zizoba buthaka futhi kuzovela isikhunta, njengePythium noma iPhytophthora. Lezi ziphathwa ngethusi noma [ Azikho imikhiqizo etholakele].

Isibindi

Imelana neqhwa elifinyelela ku --7ºC , kanye namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-40ºC.

Ucabangani ngomnqumo wasendle?